Add the apple cider, lemon juice, honey, cinnamon stick, and star anise to a small saucepan. Set it over high heat and bring the mixture just up to a gentle simmer, stirring occasionally so the honey fully dissolves.
Once the mixture reaches a simmer, pull the pan off the heat completely. Let it sit, covered, for about 2 minutes so the cinnamon and star anise have time to release their flavor into the warm cider.
Pour the spiced cider through a fine mesh strainer directly into your favorite heatproof mug. This step keeps the whole spices out of your drink while still leaving behind all that flavor.
Pour in your whiskey or bourbon and give the drink a light stir to combine. Taste it here, and if you'd like a stronger kick, feel free to add another small splash before moving on.
Finish your toddy with a fresh lemon slice or a spare cinnamon stick sitting right in the mug. Serve it immediately while it's still steaming hot for the best experience.