Heat the vegetable oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Add the diced apples and stir for about 2 minutes. You should see the edges begin to glisten and soften slightly.
Sprinkle in the cinnamon and cloves, then cover the pan. Lower the heat to medium-low and cook for 15 to 20 minutes. If the pan looks dry, splash in 1 to 2 tablespoons of water.
Remove the lid and cook for about 10 more minutes until the sauce thickens. Stir in the sugar and cook for 2 minutes until it dissolves. Add the lemon juice and let the sauce cool completely.
Switch between the potatoes and onion as you grate, using a coarse food processor disk or the large holes of a box grater. The onion's acid helps keep the potato from turning gray. Work steadily so everything stays fresh and pale.
Tip the shreds into a colander and press out water by the handful. Keep squeezing until the mixture feels quite dry. This is the secret to a latke that crisps instead of steams.
Move the shreds to a large bowl. Stir in the parsley, egg, flour, baking powder, salt, and white pepper. Mix until everything is evenly coated and no dry flour remains.
Warm the oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium heat. Spoon in 2 tablespoons of batter per latke and flatten to about 2 1/2 to 3 inches wide. Leave a little space around each one so they brown evenly.
Fry for about 4 minutes per side until deep golden and cooked through. Turn them gently with two spatulas to avoid splatter. Stir the batter between batches and add more oil when the pan looks dry.
Serve the latkes right away with a generous spoonful of applesauce. Add a dollop of sour cream or yogurt if you like. Enjoy them while the edges are still crackly.