Start by soaking the dried beans overnight in plenty of water. This helps them cook evenly and reduces cooking time. If you’re short on time, you can do a quick soak by boiling them briefly and letting them sit for an hour.
Preheat your oven to 325°F (160°C) while you prepare the aromatics. Chop the onion, mince the garlic, and measure out your ingredients. Having everything ready makes the cooking process smooth and enjoyable.
In your Dutch oven, combine olive oil, onion, garlic, and tomato paste. Stir everything together so the aromatics are well coated. This base will slowly infuse the beans with rich, savory flavor as they cook.
Drain the soaked beans and add them to the pot along with vegetable broth. Toss in the herbs, salt, pepper, and red pepper flakes if using. Make sure the beans are fully submerged in liquid.
Cover the pot and place it in the oven. Let the beans bake gently for about 1.5 to 2 hours. Stir occasionally and check if more broth is needed to keep the beans brothy.
Once the beans are tender and creamy, remove them from the oven. Add a splash of lemon juice if desired to brighten the flavors. Let them cool slightly before serving.