Bring a large pot of well-salted water to a boil and cook your pasta until it's just al dente. Before draining, scoop out about a cup of that starchy cooking water and set it aside. That water is the secret to a silky sauce later on.
In the same warm pot, add the ricotta, parmesan, lemon zest, lemon juice, salt, and pepper. Whisk it all together until it looks smooth and creamy. The residual heat from the pot helps everything blend without turning grainy.
Slowly whisk in about half of your reserved pasta water, a splash at a time, until the sauce turns glossy and pourable. Go slowly here, since it's easier to add more water than to fix a sauce that's too thin.
Add your drained pasta back into the pot and toss everything together so each piece gets coated. If the sauce looks too thick, stir in a little more of the reserved pasta water until it moves easily around the noodles.
Add the arugula directly into the warm pot and stir gently until the leaves wilt slightly from the heat. This only takes a few seconds, so don't overmix or the greens will lose their fresh, peppery bite.
Plate the pasta immediately while it's still warm and glossy, since the sauce thickens quickly as it sits. Top with extra parmesan, a drizzle of olive oil, and any garnishes you like before bringing it to the table.