Preheat your oven to 425°F so the pancake can rise quickly once the batter hits the hot pan. Place the cast iron skillet inside the oven while it heats. A hot skillet helps create the signature puffed edges and golden crust.
In a large bowl, whisk together the eggs, milk, vanilla extract, sugar, and salt until smooth. Gradually add the flour and whisk until no lumps remain. I like using a blender because it creates a silky batter that bakes evenly.
Carefully remove the hot skillet from the oven using oven mitts. Add the butter and swirl it around the pan until fully melted. Make sure the butter coats the bottom and sides to prevent sticking and add flavor.
Immediately pour the batter into the hot buttered skillet. Place the skillet back into the oven and bake for about 18 to 20 minutes. The pancake will puff up around the edges and turn golden brown on top.
Once baked, remove the pancake from the oven and let it cool slightly. Squeeze fresh lemon juice over the warm pancake and sprinkle generously with powdered sugar. The fresh citrus flavor makes every bite taste bright and refreshing.
Cut the Dutch Baby Pancake into wedges and serve immediately while warm. The pancake naturally deflates a little after baking, which is completely normal. Serve it fresh for the best texture and flavor.