Move the turkey to the fridge 4 to 5 days ahead so it thaws fully. Preheat your oven to 350°F on cooking day. Remove the neck and giblets from the cavity.
Set the turkey on a wire rack over a baking sheet. Pat it very dry with paper towels. Dry skin helps the butter stick and brown well.
Mix the softened butter with the salt, paprika, basil, oregano, thyme, garlic powder, onion powder, and pepper. Stir until it looks smooth and evenly speckled. If the butter feels stiff, warm it for 20 to 30 seconds.
Slide a small spatula or the back of a spoon between the skin and the breast. Work gently so the skin doesn't tear. You want a roomy pocket for the butter.
Spread a generous amount of butter under the breast skin. Then massage the rest over the breasts, drumsticks, and wings. This turkey butter rub is what makes every bite so juicy.
Sprinkle extra salt inside the cavity first. Then add the lemons, oranges, shallots, garlic cloves, thyme, and rosemary. Pack it generously, since it flavors the meat from within.
Tie the legs together with about 3 feet of butcher's twine. Tuck the wing tips underneath. Wrap the drumstick tips in foil so they don't burn.
Place the turkey in the roasting pan and pour in 1 cup of chicken broth. Roast at 350°F, covering the drumsticks with foil for the first 2 to 2.5 hours. An 8 to 10 lb bird takes about 3 hours.
At the 2-hour mark, brush the turkey with the 1/2 cup of melted butter. Baste again 30 minutes before it's done. Once the skin is deep golden, tent the whole bird with foil.
Slide a meat thermometer into the thickest part of the thigh. Start checking about 30 minutes before the estimated finish. Pull the turkey out at 160 to 162°F, because it keeps cooking as it rests and will reach 165°F.
Cover the turkey loosely with foil and rest it for 20 minutes. This keeps the juices in the meat. Then cut the twine and slice with a sharp knife.