Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil and cook the penne until just al dente. Drain well and set aside. Slightly undercooking helps the pasta hold up during baking.
Melt butter in a skillet over medium heat and add minced garlic. Cook briefly until fragrant, then whisk in flour and cook for one minute to remove the raw taste.
Slowly whisk in milk and heavy cream, stirring constantly to avoid lumps. Let it simmer gently until the sauce thickens enough to coat the back of a spoon.
Stir in softened cream cheese until fully melted, then add parmesan, Italian seasoning, salt, and pepper. The sauce should look smooth and glossy.
Add cooked pasta and diced chicken directly into the sauce. Stir gently to coat everything evenly without breaking the pasta.
Transfer the mixture to a greased baking dish and spread evenly. Sprinkle mozzarella cheese over the top for that golden, bubbly finish.
Bake at 375°F (190°C) for about 25–30 minutes, until the top is lightly browned and the edges are bubbling.
Let the pasta bake rest for 5 minutes before serving. Sprinkle with fresh parsley for a bright, fresh contrast.