I start by whisking the warm water and yeast together in a large bowl and letting it sit for about a minute until it looks a little foamy. This step tells me my yeast is alive and ready to work. If nothing happens after a few minutes, toss it and start with a fresh packet, since flat dough is almost always a yeast problem.
Next, I melt a tablespoon of butter and whisk it into the yeast mixture along with the salt and brown sugar. Then I add the flour gradually, about a cup at a time, switching to a wooden spoon or dough hook as it thickens. I stop adding flour once the dough is smooth and only slightly tacky to the touch.
I knead the dough for a full 5 minutes, either in my stand mixer or by hand on a floured counter. This step builds the gluten network that gives pretzel buns their chewy bite. The dough should feel elastic and spring back when you poke it gently with a finger.
I place the dough in a greased bowl, cover it tightly, and let it rise somewhere warm for about an hour, until it's nearly doubled. On cooler days, I turn my oven on for a minute, switch it off, and let the dough rise inside with the door closed. This little trick speeds things up nicely.
Once risen, I punch the dough down gently to release the air and turn it out onto a floured surface. Using a knife or pizza cutter, I divide it into 12 equal pieces and roll each one into a tight, smooth ball. Tucking the seams underneath helps the buns hold their round shape while baking.
While the buns rest briefly, I bring the water and baking soda to a rolling boil in a large pot. This alkaline bath is what gives pretzel buns their distinct chewy crust and deep color, so don't be tempted to skip it. Keep the pot at a steady boil, not a violent one, before adding the buns.
I drop one or two buns at a time into the boiling water for about 20 to 30 seconds, flipping halfway through. Any longer and the crust can turn slightly bitter or metallic tasting. I lift each one out with a slotted spoon, letting the extra water drip off before placing it on the lined baking sheet.
Once all the buns are boiled and arranged on the pan, I score the top of each one with a sharp knife, which helps them expand evenly in the oven. Then I brush them generously with the remaining melted butter and sprinkle coarse sea salt over the top for that classic pretzel finish.
I bake the buns at 400°F for about 20 to 25 minutes, until they're a rich mahogany brown all over. The darker color isn't a mistake here it's exactly what gives pretzel buns their signature flavor. Let them cool slightly on a wire rack before slicing or serving.