Start by heating olive oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add the chopped onion, carrots, and celery, stirring occasionally until softened. This step builds the foundation of the soup, so let the vegetables cook until fragrant and tender.
Stir in the minced garlic, cumin, and paprika, cooking for about a minute. This brief step allows the spices to bloom and release their aroma. Be careful not to burn the garlic, as it can turn bitter.
Add the lentils, diced tomatoes, tomato paste, and vegetable broth to the pot. Stir everything together and bring it to a gentle boil. Once boiling, reduce the heat and let it simmer uncovered.
Let the soup simmer for about 30 minutes, stirring occasionally. The lentils should become tender but not mushy. This slow simmer allows the flavors to meld and deepen naturally.
Stir in the fresh spinach and cook for another 2 to 3 minutes until wilted. Finish with lemon juice, salt, and black pepper. Taste and adjust seasoning before serving.