Start by heating your olive oil in a large saucepan over medium-high heat until it shimmers. Toss in the cubed chicken breast and cook it for about 5 minutes, stirring occasionally, until it is nicely browned on all sides. Add the minced garlic and sauté it for just 30 seconds until fragrant, being careful not to let it burn.
Pour the condensed cream of chicken soup and the chicken broth into the pan, stirring well to combine everything into a smooth liquid. Stir in the uncooked penne pasta, ensuring it is submerged, and bring the mixture to a boil before reducing the heat to medium. Let it cook uncovered for 15 minutes, stirring occasionally to prevent sticking, until the sauce thickens.
Once the pasta is tender, stir in the frozen peas and let them cook for about 3 minutes until they are heated through and vibrant green. Remove the pot from the heat and check that the chicken is fully cooked through and the sauce coats the pasta beautifully. Finish the dish by sprinkling the grated Parmesan cheese and fresh chopped basil over the top before serving immediately.