Heat the olive oil in your Dutch oven over medium heat. Add the chopped onions, bell peppers, and poblano pepper, and cook for about 5 to 7 minutes until they start to soften. Stir occasionally so nothing sticks or browns too fast on the bottom.
Stir in the minced garlic and chili powder, letting them cook for about 30 seconds until fragrant. This quick toasting step wakes up the spices and makes the whole kitchen smell incredible before the chicken even goes in.
Push the vegetables to the side and add the ground chicken directly to the pot. Break it up with your wooden spoon and cook until it's no longer pink, about 6 to 8 minutes. Then stir everything together so the chicken picks up all that seasoned flavor.
Add the chopped chipotle chilies, adobo sauce, and crushed tomatoes to the pot. Stir well so the smoky heat gets distributed evenly rather than sitting in one spot. This is the moment the chili really starts smelling like the real deal.
Pour in the chicken stock and add the drained black beans. Give everything a good stir to combine, then reduce the heat to medium-low so it settles into a gentle simmer instead of a hard boil.
Let the chili simmer uncovered for about 20 minutes, stirring every so often. You'll notice it thickening up nicely as the liquid reduces and the flavors meld together into something deeply smoky and rich.
Give it a taste before serving. If you want more heat, stir in another chopped chipotle or a splash more adobo sauce. If it's too spicy for your crowd, a spoonful of sour cream stirred in mellows it right out.