I bring the water, salt, brown sugar, rosemary, thyme, bay leaves, peppercorns, garlic, and orange zest to a boil in a big pot. I let it simmer just until the salt and sugar fully dissolve. This infuses the liquid with flavor before it ever touches the chicken.
Next, I pour the hot brine over the ice water in a large container. Stirring it helps the ice melt fast and brings the temperature down quickly. I never add warm brine directly to raw chicken, since that's not food-safe.
I submerge all the chicken pieces in the cooled brine, weighing them down with a plate if they float. Then I cover the container and let it sit in the fridge overnight. This step is what makes the chicken so juicy later.
The next day, I remove the chicken and rinse it under cold water to wash off excess salt. Then I lay the pieces on a rack over a sheet tray and pat them dry. A dry surface is essential for that crispy skin.
I let the chicken sit uncovered in the fridge for about an hour so the skin fully dries out. Skipping this step usually means a soggier coating later. It's a small wait that pays off big.
While the chicken dries, I combine the flour with granulated garlic, onion powder, salt, pepper, paprika, and cayenne in a bowl. I split this mixture between two bowls, since the chicken goes through it twice. This double coating is the secret to that thick, craggy crust.
I pour the buttermilk into its own bowl and season it with a pinch of salt and pepper. The tangy buttermilk helps tenderize the meat further and gives the flour something to stick to.
I preheat my oven to 450°F and set a cast-iron pan with about 1 ½ inches of canola oil to heat alongside it. Getting the oil hot before the chicken goes anywhere near it is key for a crisp finish. I use a thermometer to keep an eye on both.
Each piece gets dredged in the first bowl of flour, dipped in buttermilk, then coated again in the second bowl of flour. I shake off the extra flour each time so it doesn't clump. This is the step that really builds the crunch.
I place the coated chicken on a greased rack over a sheet tray and bake it until the internal temperature hits about 150°F, roughly 30 to 40 minutes. Baking first means less time frying later, which keeps things a little lighter.
I transfer a few pieces at a time into the hot oil to crisp up the coating and finish cooking until they reach 165°F internally. This quick fry is what gives the chicken that iconic golden crunch. I never crowd the pan, since that drops the oil temperature.
As soon as each piece comes out of the oil, I season it with a pinch more salt or a favorite chicken rub while it's still hot. I let the pieces rest on a rack so excess oil drips away and the crust stays crisp.